Publications

This chapter is based on the notes 2022-05-10_SPSE_Publication.pdf

Open Access and Open Science

  • People always have been asking for access to knowledge

  • But access is limited through society and technology.

Examples for knowledge transfer:

  • 450 BCE: Laws of the Twelve Tables. Written and publicly accessible law

  • Science: Lectures

  • Bible: Translation 1522 (to understand), Printing 1452 (to spread)

  • Technology: Patents and Documentation

Aspects that regulate access:

  • Availability (libraries, internet)

  • Authorship (“Urheberrecht”)

  • Copyright (“Verwertungsrecht”)

  • Personality rights

  • Patents

Licenses determine the given rights for published works.

Software:

  • Closed Source

    • secret

    • proprietary

    • freeware/shareware

  • Restricted Open Source

  • Open Source

    • BSD, MIT, Apache 2.0

    • GPL

    • Careful: open != free

Papers:

  • Access Restricted (“pay wall”): subscription or payment necessary

  • Green Open Access: Authors are allowed to publish their work on their own homepage (non-commercial)

  • Gold Open Access:

    • Everybody can access the work

    • Different copyright and licensing models:

      • Copyright with author or publisher

      • Publisher may hold exclusive rights/license

      • Publisher may hold non-exclusive license; author can share other licenses on their own

Examples for non-exclusive licenses:

Why should you want to transfer copyright to a publisher?

  • Publisher demands it; no other option or expensive.

  • Publishers protect the rights of the paper.

Publishing Fees

Publishing is expensive. So why publish with a publisher, and not yourself?

  • Peer-reviewing often organized by publisher or conference

  • Reputation

  • Copy-Editing, rights management, hosting, metadata management, indexing

  • Accessibility is guaranteed, easy to find, long-term available

  • Added to libraries

  • Print versions

  • Influence on academic ranking/impact factors

  • May be required by funding agency

And who pays publishing fees?

  • Depends on license (publisher, author, or community)

  • Community: Conference participants, tax payers (in Germany: “Project DEAL”)

Attention: There are predatory publishers!

Paper Repositories

Non-authorative versions:

Authorative-versions (also called ‘version of record’):

  • at publisher repositories: Springer Publishing, ACM, IEEE, Elsevier, Wiley, etc.
    (These organize conference proceedings and journals)

  • Popularity and use of individual repositories depends on concrete science.

Bibliographic Data

  • Homepage: Low confidence. May be incomplete or inconsistent
    -> Not suited for citation

  • DBLP: Highest confidence. Human-maintained and reliable.

  • Google Scholar: Complete, but automatically generated and may be inaccurate (e.g., uses ‘et al.’).
    But: Nice notifications about new papers that cite own work

  • ORCID: Automatically generated, grows in use. Nice notifications about new own papers, connected via digital object identifiers (DOIs).

  • CrossRef (papers) and DataCite (data): DOI agencies, manage metadata

Ideal Requirements for Publishing

Hard requirements:

  • long-term available (archived)

  • immutable (is always the same version referenced?)

  • identifiable (is the correct version referenced?)
    DOI is industry standard for this.

Weak requirement: Open Access

Unique Identification

  • DOI: Digital Object Identifier, mostly for papers

    • Resolver: DOI -> URL (e.g., doi.org)

    • points to landing page of publication

    • linked to metadata

    • DOI pointers to landing-page URLs are maintained

  • ORCID for scientists

  • Archival Resource Keys (ARK) for all kinds of objects

Publications: Details

This chapter is based on the notes 2022-05-17_SPSE_Publication-Part2.pdf

Open Access and Open Science

  • People always have been asking for access to knowledge

  • But access is limited through society and technology.

Examples for knowledge transfer:

Paper Preprint

  • paper version accepted at conference

  • not the officially published version

  • part of green open access

Contributing to Software:

  • Contributor-License-Agreement (CLA)

    • maintainers free to use, share and modify

    • legally sound

  • no CLA

    • simple process, no entry barrier

    • no confirmation by contributor’s employer necessary

  • Developer Certificate of Origin (DCO)

    • contributor asserts that she is allowed to commit the code

    • clarifies license of the committed code patch

Artifacts

Reproduction packages.

(our Wiki page on the topic)

Examples:

  • Data sets, statistics

  • software

  • machine-readable proofs

  • appendices

(Don’t forget to license!)

Three dimensions:

  • Repeat

  • Reproduce

  • Replicate

ACM badges qualify papers with regards to their reproduction packages:

  • Artifact available

  • Artifact evaluated (a) functional and/or (b) reusable

  • Results reproduced

  • Results replicated

Repositories:

Discussions

  • Is replication always good? Example: Google

  • Negative reproduction study example: https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3340571

Publication Process

This chapter is based on the notes 2022-05-24_SPSE_Rankings.pdf